How Efficient are Engines: Thermodynamics and Combustion Efficiency

How efficient are engines? Combustion engines are stupefyingly inefficient. Most diesel engines do not even have a thermal efficiency of 50%. And, gasoline-powered vehicles are even more inefficient, considerably.

Energies, Free Full-Text

Thermodynamics: What is cut-off ratio? How does it affect the thermal efficiency of a diesel engine? - Quora

Heat Engines and Thermal Efficiency: H E A T, PDF, Internal Combustion Engine

Heat Engine Efficiency

Thermal efficiency - Wikipedia

Introduction to the Second Law of Thermodynamics: Heat Engines and Their Efficiency

The scope for improving the efficiency and environmental impact of internal combustion engines - ScienceDirect

Diesel engine reference and calculated efficiency maps and NG engine

Combustion Efficiency and Excess Air

Overview of thermodynamic cycles - Thunder Said Energy

3 Aircraft Gas Turbine Engines, Commercial Aircraft Propulsion and Energy Systems Research: Reducing Global Carbon Emissions

Nissan claims 50% thermal efficiency, from engine for e-Power hybrid system