Out-of-plane shear strength of cross-laminated timber made of Japanese Larch (Larix kaempferi) with various layups and spans, Journal of Wood Science
Por um escritor misterioso
Last updated 30 agosto 2024
![Out-of-plane shear strength of cross-laminated timber made of Japanese Larch (Larix kaempferi) with various layups and spans, Journal of Wood Science](https://media.springernature.com/m685/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2Fs10086-023-02107-z/MediaObjects/10086_2023_2107_Fig8_HTML.png)
Cross-laminated timber (CLT) is a promising construction material. When CLT is used for horizontal applications, shear stress occurs in the out-of-plane direction and can fracture the transverse layers owing to the rolling shear. The out-of-plane shear strength of the CLT can be evaluated by an out-of-plane loading test and is affected by the CLT layups and/or span conditions. In this study, we conducted out-of-plane loading tests on 3-layer 4-ply, 5-layer 7-ply, 7-layer 7-ply, and 9-layer 9-ply CLT made of Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi) under various spans and investigated the effect of layups and spans on the out-of-shear strength. The fracture modes of the specimens were classified into three types: shear fracture, shear fracture accompanied by bending fracture, and bending fracture. The out-of-plane shear strength of the specimens except for the 9-layer 9-ply ones decreased as the span increased, and then converged to a constant value (1.0–1.5 kN/mm2). In addition, the shear strength decreased exponentially as the number of laminae in the transverse layers increased and then converged to a constant value (1.0–1.5 kN/mm2). The out-of-plane shear strength of the 9-layer 9-ply specimens decreased as the shear span increased; however, the converged value with a longer span could not be calculated because the tests were conducted under only three-span conditions. The shear strength of 3-layer 4-ply specimens was lower than that of the other layups. The results of the Monte Carlo simulation of the shear strength of the laminae in the transverse layers showed that a model, which assumed that the minimum shear strength of the laminae in the transverse layers determined the shear strength of a specimen, tended to correspond with the decreasing tendency of shear strength with longer spans. The results showed that the weakest link model for the out-of-plane shear fracture of the CLT would relate to a specimen with long span.
![Out-of-plane shear strength of cross-laminated timber made of Japanese Larch (Larix kaempferi) with various layups and spans, Journal of Wood Science](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334305778/figure/fig1/AS:778477083049985@1562614808379/Definition-of-annual-ring-geometry-and-measured-parameters-Open-circles-matched-samples.png)
Definition of annual ring geometry and measured parameters. Open
![Out-of-plane shear strength of cross-laminated timber made of Japanese Larch (Larix kaempferi) with various layups and spans, Journal of Wood Science](https://d3i71xaburhd42.cloudfront.net/10f1ffbbe6817c172dd15518c4632aed52a12d47/13-Table7-1.png)
PDF] The Influence of Panel Lay-Up on the Characteristic Bending and Rolling Shear Strength of CLT
![Out-of-plane shear strength of cross-laminated timber made of Japanese Larch (Larix kaempferi) with various layups and spans, Journal of Wood Science](https://cdnintech.com/media/chapter/77530/1512345123/media/F6.png)
Cross-Laminated Timber: A Review on Its Characteristics and an Introduction to Chinese Practices
![Out-of-plane shear strength of cross-laminated timber made of Japanese Larch (Larix kaempferi) with various layups and spans, Journal of Wood Science](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/291349393/figure/fig6/AS:960008917364742@1605895370552/Reference-cross-section-of-CLT.gif)
Reference cross section of CLT
![Out-of-plane shear strength of cross-laminated timber made of Japanese Larch (Larix kaempferi) with various layups and spans, Journal of Wood Science](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327147820/figure/fig1/AS:662243897257984@1534902657290/Four-point-bending-test-set-up-on-a-five-layer-cross-laminated-timber-CLT-panel.png)
Four-point bending test set-up on a five-layer cross laminated timber
![Out-of-plane shear strength of cross-laminated timber made of Japanese Larch (Larix kaempferi) with various layups and spans, Journal of Wood Science](https://media.springernature.com/m685/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs00107-023-02010-w/MediaObjects/107_2023_2010_Fig11_HTML.png)
Mechanical properties of ply-lam cross-laminated timbers fabricated with lumber and plywood
![Out-of-plane shear strength of cross-laminated timber made of Japanese Larch (Larix kaempferi) with various layups and spans, Journal of Wood Science](https://d3i71xaburhd42.cloudfront.net/6000d9c89286e77009aa8180432f4cdb9118063a/18-Table7-1.png)
Influence of Lamination Aspect Ratios and Test Methods on Rolling Shear Strength Evaluation of Cross-Laminated Timber
![Out-of-plane shear strength of cross-laminated timber made of Japanese Larch (Larix kaempferi) with various layups and spans, Journal of Wood Science](https://media.springernature.com/lw685/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2Fs10086-021-01954-y/MediaObjects/10086_2021_1954_Fig1_HTML.png)
Shear strength properties of hybrid (hinoki cypress and Japanese cedar) cross-laminated timber, Journal of Wood Science
![Out-of-plane shear strength of cross-laminated timber made of Japanese Larch (Larix kaempferi) with various layups and spans, Journal of Wood Science](https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S2369969820300347-gr1.jpg)
Cross-laminated Timber (CLT) in China: A State-of-the-Art - ScienceDirect
![Out-of-plane shear strength of cross-laminated timber made of Japanese Larch (Larix kaempferi) with various layups and spans, Journal of Wood Science](https://media.springernature.com/w290h158/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2Fs10086-023-02104-2/MediaObjects/10086_2023_2104_Fig1_HTML.png)
Journal of Wood Science
![Out-of-plane shear strength of cross-laminated timber made of Japanese Larch (Larix kaempferi) with various layups and spans, Journal of Wood Science](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/356540332/figure/fig1/AS:1094884857524224@1638052300658/Cutting-pattern-of-specimens-from-CLT-motherboards_Q320.jpg)
PDF) Long-term bending properties of cross-laminated timber made from Japanese larch under constant environment
![Out-of-plane shear strength of cross-laminated timber made of Japanese Larch (Larix kaempferi) with various layups and spans, Journal of Wood Science](https://cdnintech.com/media/chapter/77530/1512345123/media/F10.png)
Cross-Laminated Timber: A Review on Its Characteristics and an Introduction to Chinese Practices
![Out-of-plane shear strength of cross-laminated timber made of Japanese Larch (Larix kaempferi) with various layups and spans, Journal of Wood Science](https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Shaghayegh-Kurzinski/publication/349105714/figure/fig1/AS:988688523751428@1612733121744/Overview-of-CLT-development-from-Europe-to-North-America_Q320.jpg)
PDF) Development, Background and Challenges of North American Cross- laminated Timber (CLT) Design Standard
![Out-of-plane shear strength of cross-laminated timber made of Japanese Larch (Larix kaempferi) with various layups and spans, Journal of Wood Science](https://www.woodj.org/journal/wood/wood-46-6/gif/wood-46-6-726_F3.gif)
Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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